# started 2014-09-02T08:18:00Z
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wiktionary> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "Wiktionary (atawa, dina édisi Sunda katelah Wikamus) mangrupakeun proyék sadulur Wikipédia nu tujuanana pikeun nyusun hiji kamus wikiwiki nu bébas (kaasup tésaurus & léxikon) dina sadaya basa. Nuturkeun pamanggih Daniel Alston, Wiktionary mimiti disusun 12 Désémber 2002. 29 Maret 2004 dua Wiktionary munggaran diwangun dina basa Prancis jeung basa Polandia. Basa séjénna geus mimiti dikembangkeun, nu beuki dieu beuki euyeub. Nu saméméhna mangrupa URL samentara, nepi ka 1 Méi 2004 dipindahkeun jadi URL pinuh. Wiktionary kiwari geus mibanda leuwih ti 45,000 éntri. Kira sapuluh tumbu anyar dijieun unggal poéna (1 Méi).Teu siga kamus ilaharna nu monolingual atawa bilingual, Wiktionary mangrupa kamus multibasa jeung antarbangsa, nu ngandung harti ngusahakeun bisa ngawengku sadaya kecap ti unggal basa nu aya."@su .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "Nu meunangkeun Hadiah Nobel widang kimia, disusun nurutkeun taun ti nu pangmimitina.1901Jacobus Henricus van 't Hofffor his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions1902Hermann Emil Fischerkanggo damelna ngeunaan sintésis gula jeung purin1903Svante August Arrheniuskanggo téori disosiasi elektrolitik (tempo ion)1904Sir William Ramsayfor his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air1905Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyerkanggo damelna ngeunaan organic dyes jeung senyawa hidroaromatik1906Henri Moissankanggo panalungtikan anjeunna dina isolasi unsur florin, sarta kanggo electric furnace called after him1907Eduard Buchnerfor his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation1908Ernest Rutherfordfor his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances1909Wilhelm Ostwaldhis work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction1910Otto Wallachfor his work in the field of alicyclic compounds1911Marie Sklodowska-Curiefor her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium1912Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatierfor his the discovery of the Grignard reagent and for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds1913Alfred Wernerfor his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules1914Theodore William Richardsfor his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements1915Richard Martin Willstätterfor his researches on plant pigments1918Fritz Haberfor his synthesis of ammonia1920Walther Hermann Nernstfor his work in thermochemistry1921Frederick Soddyfor his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes1922Francis William Astonfor his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule1923Fritz Preglfor his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances1925Richard Adolf Zsigmondyfor his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used1926 The (Theodor) Svedbergfor his work on disperse systems1927Heinrich Otto Wielandfor his investigations of the bile acids and related substances1928Adolf Otto Reinhold Windausfor his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins1929Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpinfor their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes1930Hans Fischerfor his researches into haemin and chlorophyll 1931Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergiusfor their contributions to chemical high pressure methods1932Irving Langmuirfor his work in surface chemistry1934Harold Clayton Ureyfor his discovery of heavy hydrogen1935Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curiefor their synthesis of new radioactive elements1936Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debyefor his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases1937Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrerfor his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B21938Richard Kuhnfor his work on carotenoids and vitamins1939Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzickafor his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes1943George de Hevesyfor his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes1944Otto Hahnfor his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei1945Artturi Ilmari Virtanenfor his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry1946James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanleyfor his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized and for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form1947Sir Robert Robinsonfor his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids1948Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiseliusfor his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis1949William Francis Giauquefor his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics1950Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alderfor their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.1951Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborgfor their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements1952Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Syngefor their invention of partition chromatography1953Hermann Staudingerfor his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry1954Linus Carl Paulingfor his research into the nature of the chemical bond1955Vincent du Vigneaudfor his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone1956Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenovfor their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions1957Lord Alexander R. Toddfor his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes1958Frederick Sangerfor his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin1959Jaroslav Heyrovskyfor his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis1960Willard Frank Libbyfor his method to use carbon-14 for age determination1961Melvin Calvinfor his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants1962Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrewfor their studies of the structures of globular proteins1963Karl Ziegler, Giulio Nattafor their discoveries relating to high polymers1964Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkinfor her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances1965Robert Burns Woodwardfor his achievements in organic synthesis1966Robert Sanderson Mullikenfor his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules1967Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porterfor their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions1968Lars Onsagerfor the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name1969Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hasselfor their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation1970Luis F. Leloirfor his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates1971Gerhard Herzbergfor his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals1972Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Steinfor his work on ribonuclease and for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule1973Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinsonfor their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds1974Paul J. Floryfor his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules1975John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelogfor his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions1976William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.for his studies on the structure of [[borane]s1977Ilya Prigoginefor his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics1978Peter D. Mitchellfor his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory1979Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittigfor their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis1980Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sangerfor his studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids and for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids1981Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmannfor their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions1982Aaron Klugfor his development of crystallographic electron microscopy 1983Henry Taubefor his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions1984Robert Bruce Merrifieldfor his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix1985Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karlefor their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures1986Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyifor their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes1987Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersenfor their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity1988Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michelfor their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre1989Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cechfor their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA1990Elias James Coreyfor his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis1991Richard R. Ernstfor his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy1992Rudolph A. Marcusfor his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems1993Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smithfor contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry1994George A. Olahfor his contribution to carbocation chemistry1995Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowlandfor their work in atmospheric chemistry1996Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalleyfor their discovery of fullerenes1997Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skoufor their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase1998Walter Kohn, John A. Poplefor his development of the density functional theory and for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry1999Ahmed H. Zewailfor his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy2000Alan J Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawafor their discovery and development of conductive polymers2001William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharplessfor their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions and for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions2002Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanakafor their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules2003Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnonfor discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes2004Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rosefor the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation2005Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrockfor the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis2006Roger D. Kornbergfor his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription2007Gerhard Ertlfor his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces2008Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsienfor the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"@su .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mathematics> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "Matématika (dina basa Inggris disebut, mathematics atawa math) nyaéta élmu pangaweruh anu museurkeun dirina dina konsép-konsép sarupaning kuantitas, struktur, rohang, katut parobahan, sarta mangrupa widang akademik anu maluruhna. Benjamin Peirce nyebutkeun yén matématika téh \"élmu nu ngahasilkeun kacindekan nu diperlukeun\".Praktisi matématika séjénna nyebutkeun yén matématika téh élmu ngeunaan pola, sarta matématikawan téh tukang néang atawa nalungtik pola-pola anu aya dina wilangan, rohang, sains, komputer, gambaran abstrak atawa di mana waé ayana. Matématikawan ngéksplorasi konsép-konsép éta pikeun ngarumuskeun konjéktur-konjéktur atawa téori-téori anyar sarta mengkuhkeun bener-henteuna ku cara déduksi nu kukuh tina pilihan aksioma tur définisi nu jelas tur cocog.Ku cara abstraksi jeung nalar logis, matématika kabangun tina prosés ngitung, ngukur, sarta studi bentuk (en:shape) sacara sitematis jeung usikna banda-banda fisis. Pangaweruh tur pamakéan matématika dasar geus lila jadi hal anu inhéren sarta ngahiji dina kahirupan, boh kahirupan saurang atawa kelompok. Prosés nyampurnakeun idé-idé dasar katémbong dina téks-téks matématis nu asalna ti Mesir kuna, Mésopotamia, India kuna, Cina kuna, sarta Yunani kuna. Argumén nu kukuh kasampak dina tulisan Euclid Elements. Matématika terus mekar sanajan rada reup-reupan (en:fitful) nepikeun ka jaman Rénésans dina abad 16, harita inovasi matématika pinanggih jeung timuan-timuan sains, nu nyababkeun panalungtikan jadi ngagancangan, nerus nepikeun ka kiwari.Kiwari, matématika dipaké di rupa-rupa widang sakuliah dunya, élmu alam, rékayasa, ubar, sarta élmu sosial contona ékonomi. Matématika terapan dina widang-widang kasebut, bisa ngilhamkeun timuan-timuan matématis anyar sarta sakapeung nyababkeun mekarna widang anu anyar pisan. Matématikawan ogé aya nu museurkeun usahana dina matématika murni anu awalna tanpa mikirkeun terapkeuneunana, tapi kahareupnakeun sok aya waé anu bisa diterapkeun."@su .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Astronomy> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "Astronomi, nu sacara étimologis hartina \"hukum béntang\" (tina Basa Yunani: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος) ngarupakeun élmu nu ngawengku panalungtikan jeung katerangan kajadian-kajadian nu tumiba di luareun Marcapada jeung atmosfirna. Astronomi ngulik sasakala, évolusi, sipat-sipat kimia jeung fisika objék-objék nu bisa kapanggih di langit (luareun Bumi), sarta prosés-prosés nu patali.Astronomi ngarupakeun salasahiji ti saeutik élmu ti mana para amatir bisa boga peran nu aktif, utamana dina manggihan jeung ngawaskeun fénoména transién. Astronomi teu aya patalina jeung astrologi, pseudoscience nu nyoba-nyoba ngaramalkeun takdir jalma ku jalan nyukcruk jalur objék astronomis. Sanajan dua widang éta babagi sumber nu méh sarua, ari sabenerna mah béda pisan; astronomer maké métode ilmiah, sedengkeun astrologer mah henteu."@su .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Battle_of_Bubat> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "Perang Bubat dimaksudkeun ka hiji kajadian perang antara rombongan karajaan Sunda ngalawan karajaan Majapahit nu lumangsung di Bubat, wewengkon kalér Majapahit, taun 1357 M. Dina Pararaton kajadian perang ieu disebut Pabubat atawa Pasundabubat."@su .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemistry> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "Kimia ngarupakeun élmu ngeunaan struktur, sipat, wangunan, jeung réaksi unsur jeung sanyawa kimiawi."@su .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Atom> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> "(Salinan ti vérsi basa Inggris)Définisi Séjén Dina Prolog, atom nunjukkeun hiji niléy husus (sabalikna ti unbound variable), nu nunjukkeun sakabéh niléy nu mungkin. Atom mangrupa ngaran tokoh kartun Jepang nu populér ogé disebut Astroboy. Atom mangrupa standar sindikasi wébAtom ngarupakeun komponén sistem kimiawi pangleutikna nu teu bisa dibeulah/dibagi deui. Kecap ieu diturunkeun tina kecap Yunani atomos, teu bisa dibagi, tina a-, teu, jeung tomos, beulah. Biasana ngandung harti atom kimiawi, komponén dasar molekul jeung zat biasa. Atom teu bisa dibeulah deui ku réaksi kimiawi, tapi ayeuna geus kapanggih yén atom ogé disusun ku partikel subatomik nu leuwih leutik. Diaméter atom umumna antara 10pm nepi ka 100pm.Rupa-rupa zat